{"id":8620,"date":"2024-06-04T13:06:25","date_gmt":"2024-06-04T11:06:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rmcpolska.pl\/?p=8620"},"modified":"2024-06-04T13:48:00","modified_gmt":"2024-06-04T11:48:00","slug":"jak-powstaje-aluminium","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rmcpolska.pl\/en\/how-aluminium-is-made\/","title":{"rendered":"How is aluminium made?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Aluminium is one of the most widely used metals, found in many of the products people use, from beer cans to car and aircraft parts.<\/span><\/p>

Although aluminium is the most commonly used metal by humans after steel, it does not occur naturally in the environment and its production is an energy-intensive and complex process.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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The three stages of aluminium production<\/h3>

Approximately 390 million tonnes of bauxite rock are produced worldwide each year, of which 85%<\/b> is used in the production of aluminium.<\/p>

Bauxite is not a specific mineral, but a sedimentary clayey rock, consisting mainly of hydrated aluminium oxides (hydrargilite, bemite or diaspore), which are formed in tropical and subtropical climates. The minerals associated with bauxite deposits are usually clay minerals, silica, iron oxides and hydroxides. They are formed in the greatest quantities at weathering sites of aluminosilicate rocks in hot climates, which is why bauxite mining is best developed in Australia, Brazil, China, Central America, Africa, France and Greece. In Poland, bauxite is found near Nowa Ruda in Lower Silesia, among other places.<\/p>

After mining, bauxite is refined into alumina, which is then converted into aluminium.<\/p>

Aluminium is converted from bauxite ore to metal in three stages.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Stage 1: Bauxite extraction<\/b><\/p>

Bauxite is typically extracted from the ground in open-pit mines, with only three countries - Australia, China and Guinea - accounting for the for 72%<\/b> global bauxite production.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n 2022 Bauxite production at the mine<\/title>\r\n <style>\r\n table {\r\n width: 50%;\r\n border-collapse: collapse;\r\n }\r\n th, td {\r\n border: 1px solid black;\r\n padding: 8px;\r\n text-align: right;\r\n }\r\n th {\r\n background-color: #f2f2f2;\r\n }\r\n td:first-child {\r\n text-align: left;\r\n }\r\n <\/style>\r\n<\/head>\r\n<body>\r\n <table>\r\n <thead>\r\n <tr>\r\n <th>Country<\/th>\r\n <th>2022 Bauxite production at the mine (tonnes)<\/th>\r\n <th>% in general<\/th>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>Australia<\/td>\r\n <td>110,000,000<\/td>\r\n <td>28.2%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>China<\/td>\r\n <td>86,000,000<\/td>\r\n <td>22.1%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>Guinea<\/td>\r\n <td>85,000,000<\/td>\r\n <td>21.8%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>Brazil<\/td>\r\n <td>32,000,000<\/td>\r\n <td>8.2%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>India<\/td>\r\n <td>22,000,000<\/td>\r\n <td>5.6%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>Indonesia<\/td>\r\n <td>18,000,000<\/td>\r\n <td>4.6%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>Russia<\/td>\r\n <td>6,200,000<\/td>\r\n <td>1.6%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>Jamaica<\/td>\r\n <td>5,800,000<\/td>\r\n <td>1.5%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>Kazakhstan<\/td>\r\n <td>5,200,000<\/td>\r\n <td>1.3%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>Saudi Arabia<\/td>\r\n <td>4,300,000<\/td>\r\n <td>1.1%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>Rest of the world<\/td>\r\n <td>15,500,000<\/td>\r\n <td>4.0%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <tfoot>\r\n <tr>\r\n <th>Total<\/th>\r\n <th>390,000,000<\/th>\r\n <th>100.0%<\/th>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <\/tfoot>\r\n <\/table>\r\n<\/body>\r\n<\/html>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9fab883 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9fab883\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e46b47c\" data-id=\"e46b47c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d0bfb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d0bfb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Australia is the largest producer of bauxite and is also home to the world's largest bauxite mine called Weipa.<\/p><p>Guinea, the third largest producer of bauxite, has more than seven billion tonnes of bauxite reserves, more than any other country in the world. In addition, Guinea is the largest exporter of bauxite in the world. <b>As much as 76%<\/b> Guinea's exports go to China.<\/p><p>Once the bauxite has been extracted from the ground, it is sent to a smelter to produce alumina, the second step in the production process.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0b0d8c4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0b0d8c4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b7e7b2b\" data-id=\"b7e7b2b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8beb949 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8beb949\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Stage 2: Production of alumina<\/b><\/p>\n<p>In 1890, Austrian chemist Carl Josef Bayer invented a revolutionary process for extracting alumina from bauxite. Today, more than 100 years later, <b>approximately 90%<\/b> smelters still use the Bayer process to refine bauxite.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--the7-base-color); letter-spacing: var(--the7-base-letter-spacing); text-transform: var(--the7-base-text-transform); word-spacing: normal;\">The four key stages of the Bayer process:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mineralisation:<\/strong><br>The bauxite is mixed with sodium hydroxide and heated under pressure. At this stage, the sodium hydroxide selectively dissolves the alumina from the bauxite, leaving the other minerals as impurities.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Filtration:<\/strong><br>The impurities are separated and filtered from the solution, forming a residue known as red sludge. Once the sludge is precipitated, the alum is converted to sodium aluminate.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Precipitation:<\/strong><br>The sodium aluminate solution is cooled and precipitated to a solid, crystallised form of aluminium hydroxide.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Calcination: <\/strong><br>Aluminium hydroxide crystals are washed and heated in calciners to form pure aluminium oxide - a sandy white material.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The sludge generated in the alumina production process is a serious environmental problem. For every tonne of alumina, smelters produce 1.2 tonnes of red sludge, which is stored and with which it is not entirely clear what to do next. Currently, there are more than <b>three billion tonnes<\/b> of this material.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-85c315d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"85c315d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-54c31a2\" data-id=\"54c31a2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b3d23c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b3d23c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>China, is the second largest producer of alumina and the largest importer of bauxite, supplying more than half of the world's alumina.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-46203eb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"46203eb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ab797a\" data-id=\"0ab797a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d72357a elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"d72357a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<!DOCTYPE html>\r\n<html lang=\"pl\">\r\n<head>\r\n <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\r\n <title>Aluminium oxide production in 2022.<\/title>\r\n <style>\r\n table {\r\n width: 50%;\r\n border-collapse: collapse;\r\n }\r\n th, td {\r\n border: 1px solid black;\r\n padding: 8px;\r\n text-align: right;\r\n }\r\n th {\r\n background-color: #f2f2f2;\r\n }\r\n td:first-child {\r\n text-align: left;\r\n }\r\n <\/style>\r\n<\/head>\r\n<body>\r\n <table>\r\n <thead>\r\n <tr>\r\n <th>Country<\/th>\r\n <th>Aluminium oxide production in 2022 (tonnes)<\/th>\r\n <th>% in general<\/th>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>China<\/td>\r\n <td>74,000,000<\/td>\r\n <td>53%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>Australia<\/td>\r\n <td>21,000,000<\/td>\r\n <td>15%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>Brazil<\/td>\r\n <td>11,000,000<\/td>\r\n <td>8%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>India<\/td>\r\n <td>6,800,000<\/td>\r\n <td>5%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>Russia<\/td>\r\n <td>3,100,000<\/td>\r\n <td>2%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>Germany<\/td>\r\n <td>1,900,000<\/td>\r\n <td>1%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>Ireland<\/td>\r\n <td>1,900,000<\/td>\r\n <td>1%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>Saudi Arabia<\/td>\r\n <td>1,800,000<\/td>\r\n <td>1%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>Ukraine<\/td>\r\n <td>1,700,000<\/td>\r\n <td>1%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>Spain<\/td>\r\n <td>1,600,000<\/td>\r\n <td>1%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>Rest of the world<\/td>\r\n <td>15,100,000<\/td>\r\n <td>11%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <tfoot>\r\n <tr>\r\n <th>Total<\/th>\r\n <th>139,900,000<\/th>\r\n <th>100%<\/th>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <\/tfoot>\r\n <\/table>\r\n<\/body>\r\n<\/html>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2a46897 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2a46897\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e63e152\" data-id=\"e63e152\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-813a78c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"813a78c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aluminium oxide has applications in many industries, including plastics, cosmetics and chemicals. Nevertheless <b>85%<\/b> aluminium is converted into aluminium.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-98f1543 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"98f1543\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-217cbe7\" data-id=\"217cbe7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1e88a7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b1e88a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Stage 3: Aluminium production<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Aluminium oxide is converted into aluminium by electrolytic reduction. In addition to alumina itself, the production of aluminium requires <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/cryolite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>cryolite<\/b> <\/a>and plenty of electricity.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--the7-base-color); letter-spacing: var(--the7-base-letter-spacing); text-transform: var(--the7-base-text-transform); word-spacing: normal;\">Cryolite is mainly used as a temperature-reducing flux in electrolytic production. <\/span><b><a href=\"https:\/\/rmcpolska.pl\/en\/purchase-of-copper-and-aluminium-granulate\/\">aluminium<\/a><\/b><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--the7-base-color); letter-spacing: var(--the7-base-letter-spacing); text-transform: var(--the7-base-text-transform); word-spacing: normal;\">. Due to its high demand and rarity, a synthetic compound is now used. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--the7-base-color); letter-spacing: var(--the7-base-letter-spacing); text-transform: var(--the7-base-text-transform); word-spacing: normal;\">Below is a simplified process for producing aluminium:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--the7-base-color); letter-spacing: var(--the7-base-letter-spacing); text-transform: var(--the7-base-text-transform); word-spacing: normal;\">In aluminium smelters, hundreds of electrolytic baths along with reduction cells are filled with molten cryolite.<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Aluminium oxide (consisting of two aluminium atoms and three oxygen atoms) is then dropped into these baths, where a strong electric current breaks the chemical bond between the aluminium and oxygen atoms.<\/li>\n<li>Electrolysis deposits pure liquid aluminium at the bottom of the cell, which is then purified and cast in various shapes and sizes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); color: var(--the7-base-color); letter-spacing: var(--the7-base-letter-spacing); text-transform: var(--the7-base-text-transform); word-spacing: normal;\">The largest producer of aluminium is China, which is also its largest consumer. Neighbouring China, India is the second largest producer, producing just a tenth of China's output.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-318bd29 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"318bd29\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e2e6c30\" data-id=\"e2e6c30\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a27bdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"a27bdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<!DOCTYPE html>\r\n<html lang=\"pl\">\r\n<head>\r\n <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\r\n <title>2021 Aluminium smelter production<\/title>\r\n <style>\r\n table {\r\n width: 50%;\r\n border-collapse: collapse;\r\n }\r\n th, td {\r\n border: 1px solid black;\r\n padding: 8px;\r\n text-align: right;\r\n }\r\n th {\r\n background-color: #f2f2f2;\r\n }\r\n td:first-child {\r\n text-align: left;\r\n }\r\n <\/style>\r\n<\/head>\r\n<body>\r\n <table>\r\n <thead>\r\n <tr>\r\n <th>Country<\/th>\r\n <th>2021 Aluminium smelter production (tonnes)<\/th>\r\n <th>% in general<\/th>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <\/thead>\r\n <tbody>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>China<\/td>\r\n <td>39,000,000<\/td>\r\n <td>59%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>India<\/td>\r\n <td>3,900,000<\/td>\r\n <td>6%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>Russia<\/td>\r\n <td>3,700,000<\/td>\r\n <td>6%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>Canada<\/td>\r\n <td>3,100,000<\/td>\r\n <td>5%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>United Arab Emirates<\/td>\r\n <td>2,600,000<\/td>\r\n <td>4%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>Australia<\/td>\r\n <td>1,600,000<\/td>\r\n <td>2%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>Bahrain<\/td>\r\n <td>1,500,000<\/td>\r\n <td>2%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>Iceland<\/td>\r\n <td>880<\/td>\r\n <td>1%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>United States<\/td>\r\n <td>880<\/td>\r\n <td>1%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <tr>\r\n <td>Rest of the world<\/td>\r\n <td>9,400,000<\/td>\r\n <td>14%<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <tfoot>\r\n <tr>\r\n <th>Total<\/th>\r\n <th>66,560,000<\/th>\r\n <th>100%<\/th>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <\/tfoot>\r\n <\/table>\r\n<\/body>\r\n<\/html>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a9c292b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a9c292b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c96d6f\" data-id=\"5c96d6f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08159d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"08159d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As with alumina production, some countries that produce bauxite and alumina also produce aluminium. These include India, Australia and Russia.<\/p><p>In 2022, the global aluminium market was valued at approx. <b>USD 245.7 billion<\/b>, the aluminium market is expected to almost double in size by 2030 to <b>USD 498.5 billion.<\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aluminium is one of the most widely used metals, found in many products used by humans, from beer cans to car and aircraft parts. Although aluminium is the most commonly used metal by humans after steel, it does not occur naturally in the environment and its production is an energy-intensive and complex process. The three stages of aluminium production...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8626,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[55],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8620","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-informacje-podstawowe"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Jak powstaje aluminium? - RMC Polska<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/rmcpolska.pl\/en\/how-aluminium-is-made\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jak powstaje aluminium? - RMC Polska\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Aluminium jest jednym z najcz\u0119\u015bciej u\u017cywanych metali, wyst\u0119puj\u0105cym w wielu u\u017cywanych przez ludzi produktach, od puszki do piwa poprzez cz\u0119\u015bci do samochod\u00f3w oraz samolot\u00f3w. Pomimo \u017ce zaraz po stali aluminium jest najcz\u0119\u015bciej u\u017cywanym metalem przez ludzi to nie wyst\u0119puje on naturalnie w \u015brodowisku, a jego produkcja jest energoch\u0142onnym i z\u0142o\u017conym procesem. 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